157. The delict of schism and the case of Archbishop Viganò
As several ministries of Catholics still claim to be Catholic, schism, as a withdrawal from papal authority and ecclesial communion, must be ascertained and not presumed.
156. The canonical delict of heresy
To ascertain a heresy, two essential factors must be present: ‘obstinate denial or doubt’ and ‘divine and catholic faith.
155. Prescription in canonical penal law
The motive for prescription is the common good and to relieve the offender, who, over time, may have repented and even atoned for the offence.
154. Those bound by canonical penal law
No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept has not completed the sixteenth year of age.
153. Loss of Ecclesiastical Office and the Right to Self-Defence
Penal law aims to restore justice, reform the offender and repair scandal
152. Condemning or punishing without hearing the accused
A judgement given without granting the accused a right to defence is ipso facto, null and cannot be remedied
151. Is denial of ecclesiastical funeral a canonical penalty for non-clearance of debts?
Current canonical penal law does not include the denial of ecclesiastical funerals among any penal sanctions category. Censures such as excommunication and interdict only deprive one of receiving the sacraments, but never the sacramentals such as ecclesiastical funerals
150. Denial of ecclesiastical funeral to those in irregular marriage situations
The Church now makes ecclesiastical funerals easier for those in irregular marriage situations.
149. Denial of Ecclesiastical funeral due to non-clearance of debts
The right to ecclesiastical funerals is not tied to the reception or non-reception of other sacraments, and a faithful does not lose the right just because they are excluded from receiving a sacrament.
148. Epilogue: Jesus and the peace the world cannot give
Jesus is the Prince of Peace and the model for all because he suppressed his ego by giving up his divine identity to become man and by refusing to fight back when humans threatened him.’